EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy is a psychotherapy approach that is primarily used to help individuals process and resolve traumatic experiences. It was developed by Francine Shapiro in the late 1980s and has since gained recognition as an effective treatment for trauma-related disorders, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Here are the key elements and principles of EMDR therapy:
1. Bilateral Stimulation:
One of the distinctive features of EMDR therapy is the use of bilateral stimulation, which can involve either side-to-side eye movements, taps or tones (using handheld devices), or other forms of alternating sensory input (such as hand tapping or auditory tones). This bilateral stimulation is believed to mimic the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phase, during which emotional processing occurs naturally.
2. Eight Phases:
EMDR therapy is structured into eight distinct phases:
– History Taking: Gathering information about the client's history and identifying targets for treatment.
– Educating the client about EMDR therapy and developing coping skills to manage distress.
– Assessment: Identifying specific memories or experiences to target during EMDR sessions.
– Desensitization: Using bilateral stimulation to process traumatic memories and associated negative emotions.
– Installation: Strengthening positive beliefs and adaptive coping mechanisms.
– Body Scan: Assessing for any residual physical tension related to the targeted memory.
– Closure: Ensuring the client feels stable and grounded at the end of each session.
– Reevaluation: Reviewing progress and identifying any additional targets for future sessions.
3. Adaptive Information Processing Model:
EMDR therapy is based on the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model, which posits that many psychological problems are due to unprocessed memories that are stored in a maladaptive way. EMDR aims to facilitate the brain’s natural ability to process and integrate these memories, resulting in reduced emotional distress and improved cognitive functioning.
4. EMDR therapy is primarily used to treat PTSD and trauma-related disorders, but it has also been adapted for use with other conditions such as anxiety, depression, phobias, and more. It is considered an evidence-based practice and is endorsed by organizations such as the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of PTSD.
Overall, EMDR therapy is designed to help individuals reprocess traumatic memories and associated negative beliefs, allowing them to move towards a state of psychological healing and adaptive functioning. It is typically conducted by trained therapists who have completed specific EMDR training programs.
Written by Jennifer Freel, Registered Mental Health Intern IMH26129
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*Coming soon, Jennifer Freel will be offering EMDR Therapy to further support her clients’ healing journeys.